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The main functions of shrapnel:

① Control the movement of mechanical equipment, such as valve springs in internal combustion engines, control springs in clutches, etc.

② Absorb vibration and impact energy, such as buffer springs under cars and train carriages, and vibration absorbing springs in couplings.

③ Storing and outputting energy as power, such as shrapnel from a clock or firearm.

④ Used as a force measuring component, such as a force measuring device, shrapnel in a scale, etc. The load to deformation ratio of shrapnel is called shrapnel stiffness, and the greater the stiffness, the harder the shrapnel. According to the compression characteristics, shrapnel can be divided into stretching shrapnel, tightening shrapnel, changing shrapnel, and tortuous shrapnel. According to shape, it can be divided into disc shaped shrapnel, circular shrapnel, plate shrapnel, spiral shrapnel, truncated scroll shrapnel, and torsion bar shrapnel. Ordinary cylinder

The shrapnel is most widely used because it is simple to make and can be made into various types according to the load situation, with a simple structure.

The production materials for shrapnel should generally have high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness, and good heat treatment function. Commonly used materials include carbon shrapnel steel, alloy shrapnel steel, stainless shrapnel steel, as well as copper alloy, nickel alloy, and rubber. The production methods of shrapnel include cold rolling method and hot rolling method. The conventional cold rolling method is used for shrapnel wire with a diameter less than 8 mm, and the hot rolling method is used for wire with a diameter greater than 8 mm. Some fragments require strong pressure or shot peening treatment after being made, which can enhance the load-bearing capacity of the fragments. Shrapnel is an elastic component commonly used in mechanical equipment and the electronic industry. When loaded, shrapnel can form significant elastic deformation, converting mechanical work or kinetic energy into deformation energy. After unloading, the deformation of shrapnel subsides and returns to its original state, converting deformation energy into mechanical work or kinetic energy.

Most materials have varying degrees of elasticity, and if they are twisted, they will recover their prototype with great strength. In human history, it must have been noticed for a long time that saplings and branches of young trees have great flexibility, because many primitive cultures used this characteristic to wedge a stick behind a refined door or cage, or use a loose knot to pull down from a stick; If the tension is released, the stick or rod will rebound. Use these methods to capture birds and animals. In fact, the bow is the elastic shrapnel of the young tree used in these methods; First pull the bow backwards, then let go and let it bounce back. In the Middle Ages, these ideas began to appear on mechanical equipment such as textile machines, lathes, drilling rigs, grinders, and saws.